在電力傳輸領(lǐng)域，母線和電纜作為兩種重要的載體，各自適用于不同的場景。

In the field of power transmission, busbars and cables, as two important carriers, are respectively suitable for different scenarios.

母線，由銅、鋁母線柱構(gòu)成封閉金屬裝置，常用于戶內(nèi)低壓電力輸送干線工程。其載流能力強大，******額定電流可達6300A ，適用于大電流傳輸場景，像大型工業(yè)廠房，眾多高負荷設(shè)備運轉(zhuǎn)需要強大電力支撐，母線可輕松滿足。它結(jié)構(gòu)簡潔，呈線性設(shè)計，在高層建筑的層間供電以及廠房的平面配電中，能讓線路布局一目了然，便于維護管理。而且母線散熱佳，絕緣性能好，工作溫度可達 130 - 180℃，故障點少，安全性能高。同時，安裝省時，單節(jié)長度一般不超 3 米，系統(tǒng)擴展時，增加長度或分接單元都較為便捷，壽命長達 50 年，可重復(fù)使用，長期成本低。

Busbars are enclosed metal devices composed of copper or aluminum busbar columns, and are commonly used in indoor low-voltage power transmission main line projects. They have a strong current-carrying capacity, with a maximum rated current of up to 6300A, and are suitable for scenarios requiring large current transmission. For example, in large industrial plants, where numerous high-load equipment requires strong power support during operation, busbars can easily meet this demand. They have a simple structure with a linear design. In the inter-floor power supply of high-rise buildings and the planar power distribution of factories, they can make the circuit layout clear at a glance, facilitating maintenance and management. Moreover, busbars have good heat dissipation and excellent insulation performance. Their operating temperature can reach 130 - 180°C, with few fault points and high safety performance. At the same time, the installation is time-saving. The length of a single section generally does not exceed 3 meters. When the system needs to be expanded, it is relatively convenient to increase the length or add tap-off units. Their service life can be as long as 50 years, and they can be reused, resulting in a low long-term cost.

電纜則常用于中、小電流傳輸，單根******額定電流一般為1600A ，在小型工廠或商業(yè)建筑中較為常見。它布線靈活，能根據(jù)復(fù)雜的空間布局和線路走向進行敷設(shè)，適合一些對空間布局要求不高、線路走向多變的場所，比如老舊建筑電氣改造。不過，電纜的散熱和絕緣性能相對較弱，絕緣材料工作溫度一般在 95 - 105℃ 。安裝時技術(shù)難度大，施工周期長，回路多導(dǎo)致故障點多，且系統(tǒng)擴展時需重新從配電室引至設(shè)備，較為復(fù)雜。其使用壽命一般為 15 - 20 年，不可重復(fù)使用，綜合成本相對較高。

Cables are often used for the transmission of medium and small currents. The maximum rated current of a single cable is generally 1600A, and they are more commonly seen in small factories or commercial buildings. They have flexible wiring and can be laid out according to complex spatial layouts and circuit routes, making them suitable for some places where the requirements for spatial layout are not high and the circuit routes are changeable, such as the electrical renovation of old buildings. However, the heat dissipation and insulation performance of cables are relatively weak. The operating temperature of the insulating materials is generally between 95 - 105°C. The installation has a high technical difficulty and a long construction period. The large number of circuits leads to many fault points. And when the system needs to be expanded, it is necessary to draw a new line from the power distribution room to the equipment, which is relatively complicated. Their service life is generally 15 - 20 years, and they cannot be reused, resulting in a relatively high comprehensive cost.

從母線槽與電纜性能對比來看，母線槽方案完全優(yōu)于電纜方案，電纜在施工過程中周期較長，后期維護非常困難，異常情況排查困難，無法得以檢測。母線槽的方案，在施工階段快束，安裝簡單、安全、可靠。另外可實現(xiàn)溫度集中監(jiān)控，可有效預(yù)防設(shè)備用電異常。從項目投入資金使用狀況來看，銅母線最多，電纜次之，鋁母線較低。從母線槽與電纜在投入使用后，電能的損耗曲線來看，電纜運營過程中的電纜損耗幅度******，而母線槽方案，雖然在項目初期投入稍大，但是在后期運行之后，電纜每年的電損相比母線槽多很多。

From the performance comparison between busway and cable, the busway solution is completely superior to the cable solution. The cable has a relatively long construction period, and its later maintenance is very difficult. It is difficult to troubleshoot abnormal situations, and it cannot be effectively detected. The busway solution is fast in the construction stage, simple, safe and reliable to install. In addition, it can realize centralized temperature monitoring, which can effectively prevent abnormal power consumption of equipment. In terms of the project investment capital usage situation, the cost of copper busbars is the highest, followed by cables, and the cost of aluminum busbars is relatively low. From the perspective of the power loss curves of busway and cable after they are put into use, the power loss amplitude of cables during operation is the largest. Although the initial investment of the busway solution is slightly larger, after the later operation, the annual power loss of cables is much more than that of busways.